Development and Social Change Essay

information AND SOCIAL CHANGE STRATEGIES IN KENYA IN THE 21ST CENTURYDEFINATIONS dodge is a high level plan to achieve iodine or more goals under conditions of uncertainty. Strategy is important because the resources avail open to achieve these goals be usu every(prenominal) last(predicate)y limited. Strategy is in addition about attaining and maintaining a position of benefit over adversaries by dint of the successive achievementation of known or emergent possibilities rather than committing to any particularised fixed plan designed at the outset. Henry Mintzberg from McGill University defined strategy as a pattern in a stream of decisions to contrast with a view of strategy as planning while Max McKeown (2011) argues that strategy is about shaping the prospective and is the human attempt to get to desirable ends with available means. cultivation means a progression from a simpler or depressioner to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage. It is also defined a s the gradual advancement or growth through a series of progressive changes. Development is a process, not a level. It is a path to achieve certain goals.see morefactors touching favorable changeINTRODUCTIONIn the twenty-first century Kenyans guide survey up with different strategies to advocate for developing and cordial change. These strategies are gener completely(prenominal)y based on economic issue, political issue, and tender issues those which are affecting the development and growth of our landed estate. These strategies are aiming at transforming Kenya into a newly industrialised middle income countrified providing a high quality life to both its citizens. For these development to be achieved thre have to be an any inclusive and participartory stakeholders and a consultive process involving Kenyan from all parts of the country. Kenyans are also imparting to from suggestions by some of the leading local and supra subject field experts on the newly industrialize d countries around the world have made the give from s great dealtness to widely spread successfulness and equity.Every strategy has been developed to consider issues lying across them e.g. economic strategy aims to improve the prosperity of all Kenyans through an economic development programme covering all the regions in Kenya. Socialstrategy seeks to build a just and glutinous society with social equity in clean and control environment. judicatureal strategy aims to realize a democratic political dodging founded on issue based politics that respect the rule of law and treasure the remediates and freedom of every individual. Kenyans in the 21st century are advocating for a consultive approach in its development involving as many usual Kenyans and stakeholders as possible i.e. popular service, private sector, civil society, media and non government organization. The enormousness of consultations is to win in-depth understanding of countries development problems and n ecessary strategies to achieve development. Detailed epitome is carried under the consultative approach in order to come up with the strategies capable of resolving the social and political problems that face Kenyans today. FindingsIn every category of the strategy Kenyans have come up with ways to address the problem found in that particular category.The Social StrategyKenyas journey towards prosperity also complicates the building of a just and viscous society, enjoying equitable social development in a clean and see environment. This quest is the basis of transformation of the problems found in the category of social strategy, I .e. Education and T rainwatering Health weewee and sanitization the purlieu Housing and Urbanization as well as in Gender, Youth, Sports and refining and also in terms of promoting equity and meagerness reduction across the entire Kenyan society. It also makes special pro surveys for Kenyans with various disabilities and previously marginalized c ommunities. Education and TrainingUnder preparation and training Kenya will provide a globally war-ridden quality education, training and research for development. The overall goal for 21st century is to reduce illiteracy by increase access to education, improve the transition rate from primary to secondary schools, and elevation the quality and relevance of education. The Health SectorTo improve the overall livelihoods of Kenyans, the country aims to provide an efficient and high quality health care transcription with the best standards. This will reduce health inequalities and improve underlying areas where Kenya is lagging, peculiarly in lowering infant and maternal mortality. Specificstrategies will involve pro mass of a robust health infrastructure network alter the quality of health service delivery to the highest standards and promotion of partnerships with the private sector. Water and SanitationKenya is a water scarce country. The country therefore aims to bear o n water sources and start new ways of harvesting and using rain and underground water. The 21st century has a vision for Water and Sanitation is to ensure that amend water and sanitization are available and hearty to all. The goal to increase both access to safe water and sanitation in both rural and urban areas beyond present levels The surroundKenya aims to be a nation living in a clean, secure and sustainable environment. Specific strategies will involve promoting environmental conservation for discover support to the economic pillar, improving pollution and waste wariness through the design and application of economic incentives and the commissioning of public-private partnerships for improved efficiency in water and sanitation delivery. Housing and UrbanizationThe 2030 vision for housing and urbanization is an adequately and decently housed nation in sustainable all inclusive environment. The goal for 2012 is to increase the annual harvest-timeionion of housing units fro m the current 35,000 p.a. to over 200,000. Kenyas cities and towns are poorly planned. There is an acute take aim therefore for an effective capacity for regional and urban development planning. In addition, there will be better development of and access to cheap and adequate housing enhanced access to adequate finance for developers and buyers, and come targeted key reforms to unlock the po disco biscuittial of the housing sector. 6. Gender, Youth and Vulnerable GroupsThe 2030 vision for sex activity, youth and vulnerable groups is gender equity, improved livelihoods for vulnerable groups, and a responsible, globally competitive and prosperous youth. The goal for 2012 is to increase opportunities all-round among women, youth and all disadvantaged groups. 7. Equity and Poverty EliminationThe 2030 goal for Equity and poverty elimination is to reduce the number of people living in poverty to a tiny proportion of the total population. Kenya will aim at a society that guarantees equ ality of opportunity in accessing public run and providing income generating activities as widely as possible. That will be achieved by placing the citizens at a level of income sufficient to cater for basic requirements of a healthy, full-bodied life. 8. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) batch 2030 will be based on the creation of inter topic competitiveness through more efficient productivity at the firm and household level, with government support. However, all the strategies and flagship projects will exploit intimacy in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to go bad more efficiently, improve social welfare, and also promote democratic arrangement. STI can and will be applied in all the lead sectors. The education and training curricula in the country will, therefore, be modified to ensure that the creation, adoption, variation and usage of knowledge become part of formal instruction.Economic strategyThe Kenyan economy, East Africas largest, has experi enced considerable growth in the past few years, driven by several key factors. The country enjoys some particular advantages a reasonably well-educated labour force, a vital port that serves as an entry point for goods destined for countries in the East African and Central Africa interior, abundant wildlife and kilometers of attractive coastline and above all, a government that is committed to implementing business reforms. This strategy seeks to improve the prosperity of all regions of the country and all Kenyans by achieving a 10% Gross internal Product (GDP) growth rate by 2012(vision 2030). To achieve this target, Kenya is continuing with the custom of macro-economic stability that has been established since 2002.It is also addressing other key constraints, notably, a low savings to GDP ratio, which can be alleviated by gulp in more remittances from Kenyans abroad, as well as increased outside investment and overseas development assistance The country is continuing with the governance and sanctuaryal reformsnecessary to accelerate economic growth. Others critical problems being address include poor infrastructure and high energy costs. The five key sectors described below are being given priority as the key growth drivers for achievement of the economic vision * Tourism* increase care for in agriculture* A better and more inclusive wholesale and retail trade sector * Manufacturing for the regional market* fiscal servicesTourismThis sector aims to be one of the top ten long- haul tourist destination in the world. To achieve this it has put ahead(predicate) some strategies as their guideline that is offering a high end, various and distinctive visitor experience, achieving high tourist revenue by improving facilities in all underutilized parks, creating new high value niche product and investing in new conference facilities to boost business tourism AgricultureThis aims to promote an innovative, commercially- oriented and new-fangled agricultural sec tor. This will be accomplished through transforming key institution in agricultural and descent to promote agricultural growth, increasing productivity of crop and livestock, introducing more irrigable areas in arid and semi- arid areas for both crops and livestock. It also aim sat adding value to our firm and live stock products before they reach local and international market (vision 2030)Whole sale and retail marketAims to raise profit by giving our large cosy sector opportunities to transform itself into a part of a formal sector that is efficient, multi tiered, diversified in product range and innovative. This will be raised through training and credit, improving efficiency by reducing the number of players between the producer and the consumer (vision 2030) ManufacturingIt aims to have a robust, diversified and competitive manufacturing sector. This will be achieved through the murder of the following restricting key local industries that use raw materials entirely are cu rrentlyuncompetitive, exploiting opportunities in value addition to agricultural product.The governmental PillarThis aims to realize a democratic political system founded on issue-based politics that prise the rule of law, and protects the rights and freedoms of every individual in Kenyan society. It hopes to transform Kenya into a state in which equality is entrenched, irrespective of ones race, ethnicity, religion, gender or socio-economic status a nation that respects and harnesses the diversity of its peoples values, traditions and aspirations for the benefit of all its citizens. The political pillar vision for 2030 is a democratic political system that is issue-based, people- have-to doe with, result-oriented and accountable to the public. An issue-based system is one in which political differences are about means to meet the widest public interest.People-centered goals link to the systems responsiveness to the take ons and rights of citizens, whose participation in all pub lic policies and resource allocation processes is both fully appreciated and facilitated. A result-oriented system is stable, predictable and whose performance is based on measurable outcomes. An accountable system is one that is open and transparent and one that permits free accrue of information. This vision is expected to guarantee Kenyas attainment of the specific goals draw under Vision 2030s economic and social pillars To meet objectives adumbrate in the economic and social pillars, Kenyas national governance system is being transformed and reformed to acquire high-level executive might consistent with a rapidly industrializing country. The country is adopting a democratic decentralisation process with substantial devolution in policy-making, public resource focal point and revenue sharing through devolved funds. This has been achieved through a delivery of a new constitutional dispensation which came in effect in August 2010. variety within Kenyas political governance system under Vision 2030 is expected to take place across six strategic initiatives, whose overarching visions, goals and specific strategies for 2012 are as follows * Rule of law* Electoral and political processes* commonwealth and public service delivery* Transparency and accountability* protection, peace building, and remainder managementRule of lawUnder the rule of law the vision 2030 is adherence to the rule of law is as applicable to a modern market based economy in a human right respecting state. A lighting the national policy and levelheaded framework with the need of a market based economy, national human right and gender equality commitment. Increasing access and quality of service available to the public and reducing barriers of justice. Democracy and public service deliveryPeople centered and political engaged open society, pursuing, constitutional and legal reforms necessary to adjudicate to more resources and responsibility to local governance institution. Encoura ging formal and informal civil education and action programmes, promoting open engagement between government and civil society as well as the free come down of information. Transparency and accountabilityTransparent, accountability, ethical and result oriented government institution strengthening the legal framework for ant- corruption, ethics and integrity. Promoting result based management within the public service, introducing civilian oversight around key legal justice and security, strengthening government legislative oversight capacity. SecuritySecurity of all persons and property throughout the republic, Promoting public- private cooperation and community involvement for improved safety and security, Deeping policy legal and institutional reforms for improved enforcement of law and order, Promoting national and international dialogue in order to build harmony among ethnic, racial and other groups. Electoral and political processSeeks to cultivate genuinely competitive and is sue based politics introducing rules and regulations covering political policies, enhancing the legal and restrictive framework covering electrical process, conducting civil education programmers to widen knowledge and participation among citizens leading toan informed active citizens.ConclusionFor development and social change to occur Kenyans in the 21st century Kenyans should evaluate the pre and brook development and analyze the strategies they want to put across and see whether they will be of any impact or they will be able to serve them effectively. There should be an integration of all strategies for sustainable development to occur. That is they should put value both in economic, social and political strategies. load is expected for both the government and civil society, international, local and personal positive relationships are also major contributors to sustainable development in the 21st century. Mission, vision, goals and objectives should be successfully laid, wel l defined and achievable.ReferencesVision 2030 documentThe national broad strategyVision 2030 flagship project