India’s Population Essay

India with its 1.21 billion tribe occupies second place in the humanity next to China. India has about 17.5% of the world universe with nevertheless 2.4% of the world area. The changes in the size and ingathering of Indias race are considered here in terms of two broad periods, namely Pre-independency period and the Post-Independence period. The year 1881 is classical in the sense that it was the year when the origin census on a rustic wide basis was taken in India. creation of India Pre Independence PeriodAccording to Herodotus (490 B.C.), India was one of the near populous countries in the world. Alexenders army which invaded India in 327-326 B.C., found a monolithic population. Indias showtime real empire under Chandragupta Maurya (321-297 B.C.) left records indicating the existence of a standing(a) army of approximately 7,00,000 men. Only a very substantial population could have supported such a large army. The prime(prenominal) home(a) decadal census was conducted i n 1881 recording a population of 225 meg which declined to 251 million in 1921.The Population of India Post Independence PeriodTill 1951, when the first census after independence was conducted, the decadal growth was around 13 to 14 per centum, registering a gradual rise. 1961 recorded a growth of 21.5percent, which increased to 24.8 and 24.7 percent in 1971 and 1981 respectively. In 1991 the growth rate slightly declined to 23.6 percent. It is a look of concern that the decadal population growth rate has declined to 21.2 percent in 2001 which kick upstairs declined to 17.6 percent in 2011. It is estimated that by 2028 India result double its population and it will become the most populous country in the world by 2035.Population Planning in Five class Plans India is the first country of the world to adopt the population intentning to ascendency its population as an formalized policy. After an expansion of clinical work in the first two five year plans, the third plan which started in an surround of shock, changed its strategy to extension approach which continued in the fourth plan too. The fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1979) has been unique in the write up of the country as a new Family Planning architectural plan was opted during this. The bailiwick Population Policy Statement of April 1976 was the most articulate renunciation of the official policy. The following were its main features1. Increase the legal minimum sequence at marriage from 15 to 18 days for females and 18 to 21 years for males. 2. Freezing the population at the 1971 level for determining representation in Parliament and the State Legislatures up to 2000 A.D. 3. 1971 population was considered as the base for apportionment of Central assistance to the State Plans. 4. Eight percent of Central helper to the States was to be relate with family planning programme performance. 5. The allotment of houses and loans were to be linked to family size.The eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997) set the population cultivation for achieving a net reproductive rate of one by bite of the century and zero population growth by the year 2050 A.D. The speedy objective of the National Population Policy 2000 was to address the unmet asks for contraception, health care infrastructure. In the eleventh Plan which started in 2007, it was emphasised that wholly through a multi- pronged strategy of combining fertility constraint measure and welfare measures with population education for people at large and youths in particular along with reservation schoolhouse education up to age 14 free and compulsory and reducing drop outs at primary and secondary school levels below 20 percent for twain boys and girls, the population goal of India can be achieved. For the twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017), it has been emphasised to improve healthcare infrastructure and implementation of making education compulsory for all the children till the age of 14.Adverse Consequences of Population E xplosionThe population explosion, which is undermining all our efforts towards development of the country, is perhaps the single most pressing problems faced by it. The recent census has revealed that while in that location has been a decline in the rate of growth of population, still the growth rate of 1.7 percent per annum is quite high. If the population growth continues as at present, the country will have such a large population which would be virtually unmanageable. Despite best efforts, it would not be assertable to provide even the basic necessities of life to the people at large. such(prenominal) relentless population growth would in any case create havoc to our surroundings and will lead to ecological crises. It has considerable impact on inbred resource uses and socio economic development. Rapid population growth will also mean increased urbanization, which may lead to more diseases and further decline in quality of water and sewer systems and various pollutions.Fu ture DirectionsThere cannot be only one miracle formula which will cover the entire country. The main barriers of population control such as poverty, illiteracy, son preference etc. need to be removed. Since these barriers operate simultaneously at different levels, it is difficult and preferably impractical to assign priorities to them. It is obvious that increase in literacy and educational office of women will have positive effects on population control, sister mortality, health care, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene. Further, it will result in raising the age of marriage, improved knowledge of contraception and adoption of small family norm.Population control and Family Welfare Programme need to have a national consensus, gash across political, religious and cultural differences. It should be based on nimble community participation and has to be transformed from a Government Programme into deals Movement. Population education should be part of school and college educatio n. It should also form an historic ingredient of adult education and non-formal education. chat strategies should be so devised as to be effective enough to baffle about attitudinal changes and dispel apathy, ignorance and misgivings about family planning and small family norm.In conclusion, it is important that people not only have proper health services which are both gravelible and available, but they should also have access to employment which will provide them with financial security. People must be made educated and have awareness, as education itself is the best contraceptive. People should realize that having a girl child does not mean carrying a heavy burden.